Can Fenugreek (Methi) Increase Breast Milk? What Does the Science Say?
By Dr. M. Faisal Hossain, Assistant Professor, Appalachian College of Pharmacy, USA
Benefits of Fenugreek
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), a herb traditionally used worldwide, especially in cultures like Ayurveda and Persian medicine, is widely believed to enhance milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Modern science has begun to investigate these claims more rigorously, exploring fenugreek’s role as a galactagogue—a substance that promotes lactation. Research points toward its bioactive compounds, including furostanol saponins and 4-hydroxyisoleucine, which may influence hormones such as prolactin and oxytocin, critical for milk production.
Scientific Name
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Fenugreek seeds contain furostanol saponins (fenugreekine, diosgenin), alkaloids (trigonelline, choline), 4-hydroxyisoleucine, protein, amino acids, and dietary fiber (galactomannan), which may contribute to its lactogenic effects.
Traditional and Cultural Use
Fenugreek has been used for centuries in Ayurveda, Persian medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Middle Eastern ethnomedicine as a natural remedy to boost milk production and improve women’s health. It is prized for its warming properties and its ability to balance bodily humors and support digestion.
Key Insights from Recent Studies
Impact on Milk Volume:
A clinical trial involving mothers of preterm infants demonstrated that fenugreek tea consumption led to a significant increase in daily expressed breast milk volume during the early postpartum period compared to controls (Abdou & Fathey, 2018). This suggests that fenugreek may be especially useful in the initial stages of lactation.
Early Lactation Support:
Another randomized controlled trial comparing fenugreek and fennel found both equally effective in increasing milk supply, with no significant difference between them. Importantly, infant weight gain corresponded positively with increased lactation, indicating a beneficial effect on newborn nutrition (Mathew et al., 2023).
Mixed Results in Preterm Infant Mothers:
However, a placebo-controlled study in mothers of very preterm infants found no significant differences in milk volume or prolactin levels when fenugreek capsules were administered, highlighting variability in responses and the need for further research (Reeder et al., 2005).
Meta-Analysis Confirmation:
A comprehensive meta-analysis confirmed fenugreek’s significant effect in increasing milk volume compared to placebo, although other galactagogues like Coleus amboinicus and palm date showed superior effects (Khan et al., 2017).
Safety Profile:
Studies generally report that fenugreek is safe for both mothers and infants, with only mild side effects occasionally observed in mothers, such as gastrointestinal discomfort (Abdou & Fathey, 2018; Reeder et al., 2005).
How Fenugreek Works
The mechanisms behind fenugreek’s galactagogue effects are still under investigation. It may stimulate prolactin secretion or sensitize breast tissue receptors, aiding milk synthesis and ejection. The nutritional content of fenugreek might also support maternal health, indirectly benefiting lactation.
Safety Considerations
Fenugreek is generally safe when consumed as food or in moderate supplement doses. Possible side effects include mild digestive upset or a distinctive maple syrup smell in bodily fluids. It should be avoided during pregnancy due to uterine stimulation. Individuals with allergies to peanuts or chickpeas, or those taking certain medications (blood thinners, diabetes drugs, thyroid meds), should consult healthcare providers before use.
Conclusion
Fenugreek shows promise as a natural galactagogue, especially in the early postpartum period. While traditional use is supported by several clinical studies indicating increased milk production and infant weight gain, results vary, and more large-scale, rigorous trials are needed. As always, breastfeeding mothers should discuss supplement use with their healthcare providers to ensure safety and suitability.
References
-
Abdou RM, Fathey M. Evaluation of early postpartum fenugreek supplementation on expressed breast milk volume and prolactin levels variation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;228:69-74.
-
Khan TM, Wu DB-C, Dolzhenko AV. Effectiveness of fenugreek as a galactagogue: A network meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2017;31(10):1605-1612.
-
Mathew AT, Chhugani M, Gupta SR. A Randomised Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fenugreek (Methi) Versus Fennel (Saunf) on Lactation among Lactating Women in New Delhi. 2023.
-
Reeder C, LeGrand A, O’Connor-Von SK. The effect of fenugreek on milk production and prolactin levels in mothers of preterm infants. [Study]. Journal Unknown. 2005.
Acknowledgment: Blog prepared with assistance from ChatGPT by OpenAI.
Note: This blog is for informational purposes only. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement.
This concise review (Natural Remedies Blog) is for informational purposes only and has not been peer-reviewed. It is based on a limited number of clinical trials and published research articles. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any natural remedy or supplement. These products are not regulated by the FDA in the same way as prescription drugs or food. Some may have strong biological effects, cause side effects, or interact with medications and existing health conditions. Be aware that certain products marketed as “natural” or “dietary supplements” may contain hidden or unapproved ingredients, which can pose serious health risks. Use caution and rely on trusted sources and professional guidance when making health decisions.